Descriptive Essay On Patriots Day - 1448 Words

Patriot’s Day is an official state holiday commemorating the anniversary of the Battles of Lexington and Concord which marked the first shots of the Revolutionary War. Since 1969, the holiday has been celebrated on the third Monday of April in the states of Massachusetts and Maine. It marks a three-day weekend for these citizens. The biggest celebration on Patriot’s Day is the Boston Marathon, which has been a tradition since 1897. When people think of Boston, they usually think of the Red Sox. Their fan base is so passionate and loyal no matter how poorly the team performs. Every Patriot’s Day, the Red Sox play on their home field at 11 A.M which than leads to all of the Bostonians watching the Boston Marathon. At the start of the 2013†¦show more content†¦Ã¢â‚¬Å"Four days later, after an intense manhunt that shut down the Boston area, police captured one of the bombing suspects, whose older brother and fellow suspect, died following a shootout with law enforcement earlier that same day†( History). Boston’s response to the marathon bombings – which saved lives, maintained order, eventually captured the lone surviving suspect, and brought a community together to heal, all in less than a week was what truly made the city â€Å"strong.† When news spread to the Red Sox while they were on the road, players took action immediately. They asked clubhouse workers to sew â€Å"617’, which is the Boston area code, on the back of a road jersey. The next day, the jersey hung in their dugout with â€Å"Boston† above the area code and â€Å"Strong† below it. Head coach John Farrell stated in a press conference that â€Å"Even though we may not be in Boston right now, we carry this with us. We feel very much a part of the city and the community and everything that goes on there.† The Red Sox ended up winning that game by a score of 7-2. While the city was healing, baseball was a distraction to keep everyone calm. The Red Sox are a way of life in Boston and this could help fans in sorrow and pain. The team returned home on April 20th, for a series against the Kansas City Royals. The day before the game, first responders and the volunteers to the terrorist attack met in front of the Green Monster to help roll a massive American flag. The next day, there

About Martin Luther Free Essays

string(62) " people to speak that day, according to the official program\." Martin Luther I Have a Dream From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Jump to: navigation, search This article is about the Martin Luther King Jr. speech. For other uses, see I Have a Dream (disambiguation). We will write a custom essay sample on About Martin Luther or any similar topic only for you Order Now Martin Luther King, Jr. delivering â€Å"I Have a Dream† at the 1963 Washington D. C. Civil Rights March. | â€Å"I Have a Dream†Menu0:0030-second sample from â€Å"I Have a Dream† speech by Martin Luther King, Jr. | Problems listening to this file? See media help. | â€Å"I Have a Dream† is a public speech by American activist Martin Luther King, Jr. It was delivered by King on the afternoon of Wednesday, August 28, 1963, in which he called for an end to racism in the United States. The speech, delivered to over 250,000 civil rights supporters from the steps of the Lincoln Memorial during the March on Washington for Jobs and Freedom, was a defining moment of the American Civil Rights Movement. [1] Beginning with a reference to the Emancipation Proclamation, which freed millions of slaves in 1863,[2] King examines that â€Å"one hundred years later, the Negro still is not free. [3] At the end of the speech, King departed from his prepared text for a partly improvised peroration on the theme of â€Å"I have a dream†, possibly prompted by Mahalia Jackson’s cry, â€Å"Tell them about the dream, Martin! â€Å"[4] In this part of the speech, which most excited the listeners and has now become the most famous, King described dreams of freedom and equality arising from a land of slavery and hatred. [5] The speech was ran ked the top American speech of the 20th century by a 1999 poll of scholars of public address. [6] Contents * 1 Background * 1. Speech title and the writing process * 2 The speech * 2. 1 Similarities and allusions * 3 Responses * 4 Legacy * 5 Copyright dispute * 6 References * 7 External links| Background View from the Lincoln Memorial toward the Washington Monument on August 28, 1963 The location on the steps of the Lincoln Memorial from which King delivered the speech is commemorated with this inscription. The March on Washington for Jobs and Freedom was partly intended to demonstrate mass support for the civil rights legislation proposed by President Kennedy in June. King and other leaders therefore agreed to keep their speeches calm, and to avoid provoking the civil disobedience which had become the hallmark of the civil rights movement. King originally designed his speech as a homage to Abraham Lincoln’s Gettysburg Address, timed to correspond with the 100-year centennial of the Emancipation Proclamation[5] Speech title and the writing process King had been preaching about dreams since 1960, when he gave a speech to the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP) called â€Å"The Negro and the American Dream†. This speech discusses the gap between the American dream and the American lived reality, saying that overt white supremacists have violated the dream, but also that â€Å"our federal government has also scarred the dream through its apathy and hypocricy, its betrayal of the cause of justice†. King suggests that â€Å"It may well be that the Negro is God’s instrument to save the soul of America. â€Å"[7][8] He had also delivered a â€Å"dream† speech in Detroit, in June 1963, when he marched on Woodward Avenue with Walter Reuther and the Reverend C. L. Franklin, and had rehearsed other parts. 9] The March on Washington Speech, known as â€Å"I Have a Dream Speech†, has been shown to have had several versions, written at several different times. [10] It has no single version draft, but is an amalgamation of several drafts, and was originally called â€Å"Normalcy, Never Again. † Little of this, and another â€Å"Normalcy Speech,† ends up in the final draft. A draft of â€Å"Normalcy, Never Again† is housed in the Morehouse College Martin Luther King, Jr. Collection of Robert W. Woodruff Library of the Atlanta University Center and Morehouse College. [11] Our focus on â€Å"I have a dream,† comes through the speech’s delivery. Toward the end of its delivery, noted African American gospel singer Mahalia Jackson shouted to Dr. King from the crowd, â€Å"Tell them about the dream, Martin. â€Å"[12] Dr. King stopped delivering his prepared speech and started â€Å"preaching†, punctuating his points with â€Å"I have a dream. † The speech was drafted with the assistance of Stanley Levison and Clarence Benjamin Jones[13] in Riverdale, New York City. Jones has said that â€Å"the logistical preparations for the march were so burdensome that the speech was not a priority for us† and that â€Å"on the evening of Tuesday, Aug. 7, [12 hours before the March] Martin still didn’t know what he was going to say†. [14] Leading up to the speech’s rendition at the Great March on Washington, King had delivered its â€Å"I have a dream† refrains in his speech before 25,000 people in Detroit’s Cobo Hall immediately after the 125,000-strong Great Walk to Freedom in Detr oit, June 23, 1963. [15][16] After the Washington, D. C. March, a recording of King’s Cobo Hall speech was released by Detroit’s Gordy records as an LP entitled â€Å"The Great March To Freedom. â€Å"[17] The speech Widely hailed as a masterpiece of rhetoric, King’s speech invokes the Declaration of Independence, the Emancipation Proclamation, and the United States Constitution. Early in his speech, King alludes to Abraham Lincoln’s Gettysburg Address by saying â€Å"Five score years ago†¦ † King says in reference to the abolition of slavery articulated in the Emancipation Proclamation, â€Å"It came as a joyous daybreak to end the long night of their captivity. † Anaphora, the repetition of a phrase at the beginning of sentences, is a rhetorical tool employed throughout the speech. An example of anaphora is found early as King urges his audience to seize the moment: â€Å"Now is the time†¦ † is repeated four times in the sixth paragraph. The most widely cited example of anaphora is found in the often quoted phrase â€Å"I have a dream†¦ † which is repeated eight times as King paints a picture of an integrated and unified America for his audience. Other occasions when King used anaphora include â€Å"One hundred years later,† â€Å"We can never be satisfied,† â€Å"With this faith,† â€Å"Let freedom ring,† and â€Å"free at last. King was the sixteenth out of eighteen people to speak that day, according to the official program. You read "About Martin Luther" in category "Essay examples" 18] According to U. S. Representative John Lewis, who also spoke that day as the president of the Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee, â€Å"Dr. King had the power, the ability, and the capacity to transform those steps on the Lincoln Memorial into a monumental area that will forever be recognized. By speaking the way he did, he educated, he inspired, he informed not just the people there, but people throughout America and unborn generations. â€Å"[19] The ideas in the speech reflect King’s social experiences of the mistreatment of blacks. The speech draws upon appeals to America’s myths as a nation founded to provide freedom and justice to all people, and then reinforces and transcends those secular mythologies by placing them within a spiritual context by arguing that racial justice is also in accord with God’s will. Thus, the rhetoric of the speech provides redemption to America for its racial sins. [20] King describes the promises made by America as a â€Å"promissory note† on which America has defaulted. He says that â€Å"America has given the Negro people a bad check†, but that â€Å"we’ve come to cash this check† by marching in Washington, D. C. King’s speech includes the line â€Å"I have a dream, that my four little children will one day live in a nation where they will not be judged by the color of their skin but by the content of their character. I have a dream today! â€Å"[21] Similarities and allusions Further information: Martin Luther King, Jr. authorship issues King’s speech uses words and ideas from his own speeches and other texts. He had spoken about dreams, quoted from â€Å"My Country ‘Tis of Thee†, and of course referred extensively to the Bible, for years. The idea of constitutional rights as an â€Å"unfulfilled promise† was suggested by Clarence Jones. 7] The closing passage from King’s speech partially resembles Archibald Carey, Jr. ‘s address to the 1952 Republican National Convention: both speeches end with a recitation of the first verse of Samuel Francis Smith’s popular patriotic hymn â€Å"America† (My Country ’Tis of Thee), and th e speeches share the name of one of several mountains from which both exhort â€Å"let freedom ring†. [7] King also is said to have built on Prathia Hall’s speech at the site of a burned-down church in Terrell County, Georgia in September 1962, in which she used the repeated phrase â€Å"I have a dream†. 22] It also alludes to Psalm 30:5[23] in the second stanza of the speech. King also quotes from Isaiah 40:4-5—†I have a dream that every valley shall be exalted†¦ â€Å"[24] Additionally, King alludes to the opening lines of Shakespeare’s â€Å"Richard III† when he remarks, â€Å"this sweltering summer of the Negro’s legitimate discontent will not pass until there is an invigorating autumn†¦ † Responses The speech was lauded in the days after the event, and was widely considered the high point of the March by contemporary observers. [25] James Reston, writing for the New York Times, said that â€Å"Dr. King touched all the themes of the day, only better than anybody else. He was full of the symbolism of Lincoln and Gandhi, and the cadences of the Bible. He was both militant and sad, and he sent the crowd away feeling that the long journey had been worthwhile. †[7] Reston also noted that the event â€Å"was better covered by television and the press than any event here since President Kennedy’s inauguration,† and opined that â€Å"it will be a long time before [Washington] forgets the melodious and melancholy voice of the Rev. Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. crying out his dreams to the multitude. [26] An article in the Boston Globe by Mary McGrory reported that King’s speech â€Å"caught the mood† and â€Å"moved the crowd† of the day â€Å"as no other† speaker in the event. [27] Marquis Childs of The Washington Post wrote that King’s speech â€Å"rose above mere oratory†. [28] An article in the Los Angeles Times commented t hat the â€Å"matchless eloquence† displayed by King, â€Å"a supreme orator† of â€Å"a type so rare as almost to be forgotten in our age,† put to shame the advocates of segregation by inspiring the â€Å"conscience of America† with the justice of the civil-rights cause. 29] The Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) also noticed the speech, which provoked them to expand their COINTELPRO operation against the SCLC, and to target King specifically as a major enemy of the United States. [30] Two days after King delivered â€Å"I Have a Dream†, Agent William C. Sullivan, the head of COINTELPRO, wrote a memo about King’s growing influence: In the light of King’s powerful demagogic speech yesterday he stands head and shoulders above all other Negro leaders put together when it comes to influencing great masses of Negroes. We must mark him now, if we have not done so before, as the most dangerous Negro of the future in this Nation from the standpoint of communism, the Negro and national security. [31] The speech was a success for the Kennedy administration and for the liberal civil rights coalition that had planned the March on Washington. Some of the more radical Black leaders who were present condemned the speech (along with the rest of the march) as too compromising. Malcolm X later wrote in his Autobiography: â€Å"Who ever heard of angry revolutionaries swinging their bare feet together with their oppressor in lily pad pools, with gospels and guitars and ‘I have a dream’ speeches? â€Å"[5] Legacy The March on Washington put pressure on the Kennedy administration to advance civil rights legislation in Congress. [32] The diaries of Arthur M. Schlesinger, Jr. , published posthumously in 2007, suggest that President Kennedy was concerned that if the march failed to attract large numbers of demonstrators, it might undermine his civil rights efforts. In the wake of the speech and march, King was named Man of the Year by TIME magazine for 1963, and in 1964, he was the youngest person ever awarded the Nobel Peace Prize. [33][3] In 2002, the Library of Congress honored the speech by adding it to the United States National Recording Registry. [34] In 2003, the National Park Service dedicated an inscribed marble pedestal to commemorate the location of King’s speech at the Lincoln Memorial. [35] Copyright dispute Because King’s speech was broadcast to a large radio and television audience, there was controversy about the copyright status of the speech. If the performance of the speech constituted â€Å"general publication†, it would have entered the public domain due to King’s failure to register the speech with the Registrar of Copyrights. If the performance only constituted â€Å"limited publication†, however, King retained common law copyright. This led to a lawsuit, Estate of Martin Luther King, Jr. , Inc. v. CBS, Inc. , which established that the King estate does hold copyright over the speech and had standing to sue; the parties then settled. Unlicensed use of the speech or a part of it can still be lawful in some circumstances, especially in jurisdictions under doctrines such as fair use or fair dealing. Under the applicable copyright laws, the speech will remain under copyright in the United States until 70 years after King’s death, thus until 2038. â€Å"Martin Luther King† and â€Å"MLK† redirect here. For other uses, see Martin Luther King (disambiguation) and MLK (disambiguation). Martin Luther King, Jr. | King in 1964| Born| Michael King, Jr. January 15, 1929 Atlanta, Georgia, U. S. | Died| April 4, 1968 (aged  39) Memphis, Tennessee, U. S. | Monuments| Martin Luther King, Jr. Memorial| Nationality| American| Alma mater| Morehouse College (B. A. ) Crozer Theological Seminary (B. D. ) Boston University (Ph. D. )| Organization| Southern Christian Leadership Conference (SCLC)| Influenced  by| Jesus Christ, Abraham Lincoln, Reinhold Niebuhr, Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi, Bayard Rustin, Howard Thurman, Paul Tillich, Leo Tolstoy| Political movement| African-American Civil Rights Movement, Peace movement| Religion| Baptist (Progressive National Baptist Convention)| Spouse(s)| Coretta Scott King (1953–1968)| Children| Yolanda Denise-King (1955–2007) Martin Luther King III (b. 1957) Dexter Scott King (b. 1961) Bernice Albertine King (b. 1963)| Parents| Martin Luther King, Sr. Alberta Williams King| Awards| Nobel Peace Prize (1964), Presidential Medal of Freedom (1977, posthumous), Congressional Gold Medal (2004, posthumous)| Signature| | Martin Luther King, Jr. (January 15, 1929  Ã¢â‚¬â€œÃ‚  April 4, 1968) was an American clergyman, activist, and leader in the African-American Civil Rights Movement. He is best known for his role in the advancement of civil rights using nonviolent civil disobedience. King has become a national icon in the history of American progressivism. [1] A Baptist minister, King became a civil rights activist early in his career. He led the 1955 Montgomery Bus Boycott and helped found the Southern Christian Leadership Conference (SCLC) in 1957, serving as its first president. With the SCLC, King led an unsuccessful struggle against segregation in Albany, Georgia in 1962, and organized nonviolent protests in Birmingham, Alabama that attracted national attention following television news coverage of the brutal police response. King also helped to organize the 1963 March on Washington, where he delivered his â€Å"I Have a Dream† speech. There, he established his reputation as one of the greatest orators in American history. He also established his reputation as a radical, and became an object of the Federal Bureau of Investigation’s COINTELPRO for the rest of his life. FBI agents investigated him for possible communist ties, recorded his extramarital liaisons and reported on them to government officials, and on one occasion, mailed King a threatening anonymous letter that he interpreted as an attempt to make him commit suicide. On October 14, 1964, King received the Nobel Peace Prize for combating racial inequality through nonviolence. In 1965, he and the SCLC helped to organize the Selma to Montgomery marches and the following year, he took the movement north to Chicago. In the final years of his life, King expanded his focus to include poverty and the Vietnam War, alienating many of his liberal allies with a 1967 speech titled â€Å"Beyond Vietnam†. King was planning a national occupation of Washington, D. C. , called the Poor People’s Campaign. King was assassinated on April 4, 1968, in Memphis, Tennessee. His death was followed by riots in many U. S. cities. Allegations that James Earl Ray, the man convicted of killing King, had been framed or acted in concert with government agents persisted for decades after the shooting, and the jury of a 1999 civil trial found Loyd Jowers to be complicit in a conspiracy against King. King was posthumously awarded the Presidential Medal of Freedom and the Congressional Gold Medal. Martin Luther King, Jr. Day was established as a U. S. federal holiday in 1986. Hundreds of streets in the U. S. have been renamed in his honor. A memorial statue on the National Mall was opened to the public in 2011. How to cite About Martin Luther, Essay examples

Obesity for Translational Gastroenterology- myassignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about theObesity for Clinical and Translational Gastroenterology. Answer: Introduction The paper deals with the effect of obesity on intestinal barrier function. Further, the relation of obesity to IBD is explained. Effect of obesity on intestinal barrier function Obesity is associated with metabolic alterations in the body such as insulin resistance and glucose intolerance. Metabolic syndrome manifest as low-grade systemic inflammation and is directly associated with the intestinal barriers dysfunction. Inflammation is caused by the lipopolysaccharide or LPS derived from the gut microbiota. This factor is associated with the metabolic disease linked to obesity. LPS is the major component of bacterial cell wall (gram negative bacteria). These bacteria can induce inflammation. Intestinal epithelium acts as barrier in normal physiological conditions and inhibits the LPS translocation (Walters et al. 2014). People with obesity consume high fat diet. The barrier function is changed by the high fat diet due to reducing thickness of mucous layer. Thus, it is easy for the microbes to destroy the tight junction protein and destroy the intestinal permeability. Poor permeability allows greater access of bacteria to intestinal route. It consequently incr eases the inflammatory process resulting in intestinal tissue injury wall. It results in inflammatory bowel disease or IBD (Seminerio et al. 2015). Thus, obesity is associated with IBD. Several experiments conducted with mice model showed manifestation of inflammatory bowel disease showed clear defect in epithelial barrier defects. In mice models, epithelial tight junction proteins were poorly expressed when kept on high fat diet (Knig et al. 2016). Conclusion In conclusion obesity negatively impacts the intestinal barrier function leading to increases in inflammatory process initiated by bacteria. This barrier injury is manifest as IBD. Hence, obesity is related to IBD via metabolic alterations. References Knig, J., Wells, J., Cani, P.D., Garca-Rdenas, C.L., MacDonald, T., Mercenier, A., Whyte, J., Troost, F. and Brummer, R.J., 2016. Human intestinal barrier function in health and disease.Clinical and translational gastroenterology,7(10), p.e196. Seminerio, J.L., Koutroubakis, I.E., Ramos-Rivers, C., Hashash, J.G., Dudekula, A., Regueiro, M., Baidoo, L., Barrie, A., Swoger, J., Schwartz, M. and Weyant, K., 2015. Impact of obesity on the management and clinical course of patients with inflammatory bowel disease.Inflammatory bowel diseases,21(12), pp.2857-2863. Walters, W.A., Xu, Z. and Knight, R., 2014. Meta?analyses of human gut microbes associated with obesity and IBD.FEBS letters,588(22), pp.4223-4233.

Light Pollution free essay sample

Global Context of Nursing Paper NURS 4100 Section M March 31, 2010 York University Global Context of Nursing Paper: Light Pollution Over the past decade evidence has been mounting that excessive outdoor lighting is not only an aesthetic issue, but a potentially hazardous environmental one as well (Berg, 2009). Research has shown that excessive lighting is directly responsible for the exponentially growing problem of light pollution (Chepesiuk, 2009). The negative effects of light pollution have been well documented in humans, animals and the overall eco-system (Berg, 2009; Chepesik, 2009). In fact, a compelling amount of epidemiological evidence points to a consistent association between exposure to excessive light and a plethora of related health ailments. Luckily, according to Berg (2009), light pollution is one of the easiest pollutants to reduce. As such, it is imperative that immediate steps be taken in eradicating this solvable issue, as disregarding it will only exacerbate the effects it has on us and the non-human citizens of our planet. We will write a custom essay sample on Light Pollution or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page The following paper will explore the issue of light pollution, based on the frameworks, analyses, discussions, and evaluations embedded in the philosophy of this course. It will discuss the issue, evaluate it based on the global context of nursing and conclude with our intentions for action. As nurses comprise of the largest group of healthcare providers, it is imperative that they continuously strive to improve health within the global community (Leuning, 2001). As today’s world is extremely fast paced and ever changing, in order for nurses to fully participate within the current healthcare arenas, they too must adapt to the ever changing dynamics of this world. The present challenge for nurses lies in the fact that nursing education must create teaching-learning environments which facilitate the emergence of the global perspective and the awareness of the interconnectedness between us, and the other inhabitants of this world. As such, Leuning (2001) proposes her teaching-learning principles, derived from her conceptualizations, with the aim of facilitating this global perspective. The predominant principle pertaining to the issue of light pollution is the principle of peacemaking, as it speaks of respect for all others on this earth, as well as for the earth itself. According to Leuning (2001), despite the inherent differences within our belief and value systems, peacemaking assumes that people will nevertheless honor each other’s dignity, respect and use the Earth’s resources fairly and responsibly, as well as value all other life. As the issue of light pollution disregards all aspects of this principle, it is best illuminated here. As the greedy corporations around the world show utter disrespect and carelessness toward the human and non-human inhabitants of this world, by negatively impacting their health via lighting, the peacemaking principle is clearly omitted. Despite the noted damaging effects, people continuously choose to ignore the message behind this principle and consciously persist to damage the surrounding sentient life. Not only does light pollution attribute to the depletion of our resources, as a result of wasteful fossil fuel consumption (U. S. Energy Information Administration, 2010), it also leads to many dysfunctions within the human body, as well as negatively impacts both animals and plants (Navara amp; Nelson, 2007; Longcore amp; Rich, 2004). In spite of these findings, those profiting from lighting continue to carry on, neglecting their responsibilities as the citizens of this world, and as such persist to harm the species and dishonour human dignity. According to the Ottawa Charter (1986) and Jakarta Declaration (1997), certain fundamental resources and conditions must be initially in place, prior to health being present. Unfortunately, the issue of light pollution has created a circumstance where the attainment of health for all is virtually impossible. Light pollution has created such instability within the eco-system, that the non-human citizens are now being impacted daily by its horrific effects. Longcore and Rich (2004) have concluded that the sky glow resulting from artificial lighting leads to alterations in reproductive activities, predator/prey interactions, as well as in orientation capabilities. Such alterations have the ability to result in large-scale ecological changes, and impact the survival capabilities of key species within the environment. In addition, a basic human right, the right to health, is also being disrespected as light trespass (unwanted light entering one’s property) invades our personal space, causing various negative effects (Chepesiuk, 2009). Moreover, our sustainable resources are also becoming compromised, as they are being rapidly depleted due to the millions of oil barrels wasted each year on illumination (U. S. Energy Information Administration, 2010). Although the ICN, CNA, and RNAO have not taken direct steps toward addressing light pollution, they have however been involved in tackling pollution in general. The ICN has made attempts to address the issue of pollution by collaborating with other groups, as well as educating others and advocating for changes to be made (ICN, 2008). They have tirelessly worked toward influencing decision makers, who encourage practices that pose threats to the health of humans, as well as the overall environment. The RNAO has also recognized that certain environmental factors, such as pollution, attribute to the disease and suffering within our world (RNAO, 2010). Given the seriousness of the consequences associated with pollution, the RNAO has decided to take a stance in protecting human health and the environment. As RNAO’s mandate is to advocate for healthy public policy, they have worked toward implementing the Environmental Protection Act, as well as the Green Energy and Green Economy Act, where resources are made available to conserve energy. RNAO’s mission is to create vibrant communities by building healthier environments, which involves reducing harmful pollutants in the environment. The RNAO recommendations include committing to aggressive targets in order to dramatically increase the green share of energy, and sharply reduce consumption through conservation. RNAO is also working toward making conservation and green energy priorities in planning, regulation, procurement and operation in Ontario. As well, the CNA has made attempts to resolve this issue by working toward making improvements within the current situation of the eco-system (CNA, 2005). CNA has become a member of the Canadian Coalition for Green Health Care. They have also taken personal steps by making several changes to the CNA House, such as replacing light bulbs and old technology with more efficient energy alternatives. The rapid worldwide transmission of cultural images and lifestyle norms has undoubtedly contributed to the growing issue of light pollution. With the popularity of the Western world utilizing brightly lit advertisements to promote media images, the rest of the economically developed world has followed suit (Berg, 2009). This can be witnessed in Toronto’s Dundas Square, which is progressively becoming quite similar to New York’s Times Square, and works toward further perpetuating the 24/7 economy, where profits are the driving force behind the flashy advertisements. Although the advertisements are aesthetically pleasing, they portray the American ideal of consumerism and materialism, which limit the vision of the Ottawa Charter. As the corporations strive to entice the consumers, through wasteful resource practices, and increase their own profit margins, they are obliterating our environment via destabilizing the eco-system and destroying our resources (Ottawa Charter, 1986). The disruption of the star-studded dark skies by light pollution has contributed to the oppression of the world views of cultures living with a holistic relational earth-based planetary perspective. As the Western world increases light consumption at night, the visibility of stars decreases, hence oppressing cultures living with a planetary perspective that depend on stars at night for navigation (Native Women’s Association of Canada, 2007). Darkness at night is an important part of the environment and culture of people living with an earth-based perspective. Chief Seattle (1855) writes that the dark woods are holy to the experience of his people, and disrupting these natural dark conditions at night are factors that oppress his people. Darkness at night provides a pristine environmental setting that is preferred by many wildlife species and plants. In the process of polluting the environment with light, the Western world causes various detrimental effects on plants and animals, who suffer without natural darkness (Native Women’s Association of Canada, 2007). Harming these non-human citizens of the earth goes against the principles of Chief Seattle (1855), who notes that every part of the Earth is sacred for his people, where plants are their sisters and animals are their brothers. As the Western world continues to pollute the environment with light, it also opposes the traditional teachings of Chief Seattle (1855) to preserve the land for future generations. Light pollution not only causes disruptions to female reproductive cycles, but it also has the capacity to result in large-scale ecological changes (Longcore amp; Rich, 2004). The indigenous people embrace a sacred relationship with the natural world, having a deep respect, responsibility and obligation to nature and all forms of life (Peat, 1997). As the Western world continues to carelessly abuse light consumption without considering its consequences, this oppresses the indigenous cultures who believe in living in harmony and balance with the natural world (Peat, 1997). According to Ayres (2000), the impacts of human technology account for the phenomenon of the extinction of species, commonly referred to as the extinction spike. The extinction spike operates in the background of light pollution, as light pollution and artificial light have been linked to disruptions in reproduction, and decline and extinction of many species such as salamanders and frogs (amphibians), sea turtles (reptiles), birds, fireflies, and plants (Chepesiuk, 2009). This loss in biodiversity is the most dangerous threat to human security and to the sustainability of civilization because once these organisms are lost, they cannot be regained. The significance of the extinction of these species lies in that evolution depends on the availability of diverse species in order to form healthy ecosystems. Evolution also depends on a rich gene pool within species to help them adapt to various conditions. In turn, diminishing the biodiversity of species will not only destabilize our ecosystems, but could also limit our capacities to stay healthy and adapt (Ayres, 2000). It is important to note that reptiles carry important keys to our long-term survival on Earth, as they have been on the planet one thousand times longer than Homo sapiens (Ayres, 2000). As light pollution continues to decrease the biodiversity of plant and animal species who hold the key to cures and our survival, adverse consequences to human and planetary health will persist. In addition to the extinction spike, light pollution contributes to the carbon dioxide spike as well, as electricity is generated by burning fossil fuels (coal, oil, natural gas). Burning fossil fuels releases carbon dioxide emissions into the atmosphere, leading to global warming and extreme weather events (Ayres, 2000). Moreover, as electricity and light are generated by the burning of fossil fuels, the utilization of fossil fuels leads to the consumption spike. The consumption spike refers to the depletion of Earth’s resources faster than the natural processes are able to regenerate them (Ayres, 2000). As can be seen, light pollution contributes to the extinction spike, the carbon dioxide spike, and in turn the consumption spike. The egocentric environmental paradigm holds currency with regard to light pollution. According to Kleffel (1996), the egocentric paradigm is grounded in the notion that the individual good is the highest good that will ultimately benefit society. Egocentrism is the guiding ethic of entrepreneurs and corporations, who use natural resources (fossil fuel) and light in order to maximize their economic gains. For instance, this is prevalent in advertising, where companies contribute to light pollution by using excessive illumination to promote their products and maximize profits (Narisada amp; Schreuder, 2004). Egocentrism is also portrayed by home owners, who illuminate their houses for purposes of aesthetics and appeal, thus focusing on what is good for themselves. There is a need to move away from the egocentric toward the ecocentric paradigm, as light pollution threatens the existence of both the living and non-living. Ecocentrism holds that the entire environment has intrinsic value. As everything in life is connected, unity exists between humans and the environment. Thus, we need to take care of the world by decreasing light pollution. In order to operationalize the shift in paradigms, we need to address light pollution by changing the day-to-day living habits of society in conserving our resources. Furthermore, we need to raise awareness of light pollution by talking to others and joining organizations that address light pollution issues (Muskoka Heritage Foundation, 2004a). We need to start locally in order to have a global effect. As such, everyone can do the minimal things that together can have an impact. It is interesting to note that the aspects limiting nurses’ actions on behalf of global health are that nurses generally do not understand the nterrelations between social, political, and economic structures and the origins of health and illness (Kleffel, 1996). Furthermore, nursing theories do not adequately describe the concept of the environment. According to Kleffel (1996), the environment is defined in relation to individuals, rather than having its own essence and intrinsic value. As egocentrism has dominated the Western culture, nurses adopted this approach into their theories. In turn, nursing care theories do not allow for much nonhuman interchange of care due to their anthropocentricity. According to Kleffel (1996), as the ecocentric view is only starting to inform the profession and has not yet achieved significant standing in nursing scholarship or practice, it will take time until nurses uphold the ecocentric principles toward actions on behalf of global health with regard to light pollution. Light pollution is just one of the many global issues affecting our ecology, human health, and economy today. Although it affects all inhabitants of our planet, this issue is particularly important to nurses, as it is directly related them. Research demonstrates that nurses working night shifts, who are constantly exposed to artificial lighting, have an increased risk of breast cancer (Cotter et al. , 2007; Davis, Mirick, amp; Stevens, 2001), as well as colorectal cancer (Navara amp; Nelson, 2007). The WHO (2007) has notes that shift work is extremely detrimental to our health, classifying it as a â€Å"probable carcinogen† (Cotter et al, 2007). These findings and many more, contribute to the ever growing research which suggests that hazardous conditions are prevalent throughout nursing. In the CNA Code of Ethics for Registered Nurses (2008) one of the responsibility statements indicates that â€Å"nurses [must] maintain their fitness to practice†, implying that it is the nurses’ obligation to maintain their own physical health. Thus, nurses must take action in addressing this issue. Furthermore, as it is a nursing responsibility to provide safe care and minimize harm, hospitalized patients are currently not receiving the competent care they deserve. As they too are being exposed to the ever-lightning hospital environments that negatively affect patient health, this provides an even bigger incentive for nurses to get involved. In addition to being holistically involved in maintaining our planetary health, we also have a moral commitment to care and advocate for all the non-human beings affected by light pollution. Fortunately, nurses possess a real capability to address this issue across all levels: individual, institutional, systemic, and societal. At a local level, we may advocate for efficient, less wasteful light sources in our homes and workplaces. We also can negotiate with decision makers at our institutions, regarding the maximal dimming of lights at night and turning them off whenever possible. Furthermore, at a systemic level, we can support and participate in the research addressing this issue, and further disseminate our knowledge among colleagues, patients, friends and neighbours via newsletters, posters, conferences, and lectures. At a societal level, nurses can lobby local governments with respect to developing sites which will reduce light pollution (Muskoka Heritage Foundation, 2004b). These numerous responsibilities should not overwhelm us, as we have effective tools to influence this problem. According to Keith (2008), full cut-off lighting fixtures allow for significant reductions in light pollution and the usage of lower wattage lamps, aid in decreasing the overall energy consumption and contribute to decreases in carbon dioxide emissions. As nurses, we have to remember the tenets of Florence Nightingale, who recognized the significance of physical conditions affecting human health and called on nurses to be actively involved in creating an environment which facilitates recovery (Beck, 2004). Nightingale implied that creating and sustaining healthy environment starts from the individual household and expands to the â€Å"development of health policies that would apply to larger populations† (Beck, 2004, p. 143), which determines our strategy for action. Falk-Rafael (2006) develops the ideas of Nightingale in applying them to our current situation of increasing global economic, political and cultural connections. She underlines the effects of the environment on human health, stating that 25% of disease and injury in the world is attributable to environmental decline. By indicating that â€Å"consumerism has become the dominant world faith† (Falk-Rafael, 2006, p. 11), she points out the main cause of light pollution, which is the glow of business/office building windows, and advertising signs (Berg, 2009). The proposal to shift the focus from profits to people (Falk-Rafael, 2006) is closely related to the objectives of our political actions to reduce light pollution. In addition, in recognizing that all planetary beings are ecological citizens (Falk-Rafael, 2006), she supports the idea that our ethical obligation as nurses is to protect the ealth and advocate for justice towards all non-human creatures. In researching this issue, we began to experience a great deal of responsibility, in terms of being advocates for ourselves, other humans, as well as the non-human citizens of our planet. It is become apparent to us that even simple things, such as turned on decorative lights, may have detrimental effects which can impact our entire ecosyste m. We all contribute to this issue; however, improving it is also in our hands. For this reason, we shared our ideas and emotions with one another, which were shaped and enriched by the new insights discussed in this course, and developed some statements (see Appendix) which express our thoughts pertaining to this topic. As statistics show that nighttime lighting has quadrupled in intensity, every decade since the 1960s (Dickinson, 2003), and about two thirds of the current world population live in areas where the night sky is above the threshold for polluted status (Cinzano, Falchi, amp; Elvidge, 2001), we have decided that we must all act immediately in our own ways. Ela expressed that in learning about the detrimental effects of this issue previously mentioned, she intends to take various actions in order to minimize lighting usage, including turning off the lights whenever possible and installing dark sky friendly lighting in her home. She also wishes to raise awareness of this issue by discussing it with others. Karina also shared that in learning about light pollution she began to realize the extent to which our world abuses the consumption of scarce resources, and inflicts harm on the planet. She was amazed that more is not being done to shed light on this issue, as it directly impacts the health of the human and non-human citizens on this Earth. She expressed that her intentions for action will be to share this acquired knowledge with other individuals, and commit to influencing policies and regulations at her prospective workplaces. Natalia stated that learning about this topic made her realize that much of what we do directly impacts our Earth. She expressed that she does not want to wait until the last star disappears from the night sky, and intends to act by participating in the next symposium held by the Muskoka Heritage Foundation, as no nurses were represented in the previous one. Elena revealed that she was afflicted by the continued usage of our precious resources. She was concerned that our world is knowingly using up energy and harming all sentient life, although it is unneeded. She expressed that she intends to act by making personal changes in her own use of lighting, as well as sharing this information with others, so that they can also make changes. We collaboratively agreed that we do not want to wait until the last star disappears from the night horizon. We believe that if all people join together and turn off the unneeded light, it will make a difference. We feel that we need to act now. We are nurses. We, all people, are nurses of this world. We are nursing this world. As nurses educated to care for others, we are responsible for educating ourselves and other people on how to nurture our world in our big global village, on a small and defenceless planet. References Ayres, E. (2000). The four spikes. Futures, 32, 539-554. Beck, D. -M. (2004). The lens of health determinants: Nightingale’s dual focus on negative and positive. In Dossey, B. M. , Beck, D. -M. , Selanders, L. C. , Attewell, A. Florence Nightingale Today: Healing, Leadership, Global Action. Silver Spring, MD: American Nurses Association. Berg, R. (2009). Getting serious about light pollution. Journal of Environmental Health,  71(9),  46-48. Canadian Nurses Association (2005). Greening the Canadian Nurses Association. Retrieved March 5, 2010, from http://www. cna-aiic. ca/CNA/documents/pdf/ publications /Greening_CNA_e. df Canadian Nurses Association (2008). Code of Ethics for Registered Nurses. Retrieved March 24, 2010, from the CNA web site: http://www. cna-aiic. ca/cna/documents/pdf/publications/ Code_ of Ethics_2008e. pdf Chepesiuk, R. (2009). Missing the dark: Health effects of light pollution. Environmental Health Perspectives, 117(1), 20-27. Chief of Seattle (1855). A letter from Chief Seattle. Retrieved from NURS 4100 Cou rse Kit. Cinzano, P. , Falchi1, P. F. , amp; Elvidge, C. D. (2001). The first World Atlas of the artificial night sky brightness. Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society 328, 689–707. Cotter, T. , Perez, D. , Dessaix, A. , Baker, D. , Murphy, M. , Crawford, J. , Denney, J. , amp; Bishop, J. F. (2007). Cancer and lifestyle factors. Retrieved February 20, 2010, from the Cancer Institute web site: http://www. cancerinstitute. org. au/cancer_inst/publications/pdfs/pm-2007-01_cancer-and-lifestyle-report-2007. pdf Davis, S. , Mirick, D. K. , amp; Stevens, R. G. (2001). Night shift work, light at night, and risk of breast cancer. Journal of the National Cancer Institute, 93(20), 1557-1562. Dickinson, T. 2003). Naturalists of the night. Retrieved February 20, 2010, from the Muskoka Heritage Foundation web site: www. muskokaheritage. org Falk-Rafael, A. (2006). Globalization and global health: Towards nursing praxis in the global community. Advances in Nursing Science, 29(1), 2-14. International Council of Nurses (2008). Nurses, Climate Change and Health. Retrieved February 20, 2010, from http://www. ic n. ch/PS_E08_Nurses%20Climate%20Change. pdf Jakarta Declaration on Leading Health Promotion into the 21st Century (1997). Retrieved February 15, 2010, from http://www. ho. int/hpr/NPH/docs/jakarta_declaration_en. pdf Keith, D. (2008). Roadway lighting design for the optimization of UPD, STV and uplight. Journal of the IES , 29(2), 39-54. Kleffel, D. (1996). Environmental paradigms: Moving toward an ecocentric perspective. Advances in Nursing Science, 18(4), 1-10. Leuning, C. J. (2001) Advancing a global perspective: The world as a classroom. Nursing Science Quarterly, 14(4), 298-303. Longcore, T. , amp; Rich, C. (2004). Ecological light pollution. Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment, 2(4), 191–198. Muskoka Heritage Foundation. 2004a). Natural Heritage Program. Retrieved March 2, 2010 from the Muskoka Heritage Foundation web site: www. muskokaheritage. org Muskoka Heritage Foundation (2004b). Ecology of the night. Recommendations. Retrieved February 20, 2010, from the Mus koka Heritage Foundation web site: www. muskokaheritage. org Narisada, K. , amp; Schreuder, D. (2004). Light pollution handbook. Dordrecht, The Netherlands: Springer. Native Women’s Association of Canada (2007). Aboriginal women and the environment: Air, noise and light pollution. Retrieved March 2, 2010, from http://www. wac-hq. org/en/documents/nwac. air-noise-lightpollution. jun2007. pdf Navara, K. J. , amp; Nelson, R. J. (2007). The dark side of light at night: physiological, epidemiological, and ecological consequences. Journal of Pineal Research, 43(3), 215-224. Ottawa Charter for Health Promotion (1986). Retrieved February 15, 2010, from http://www. who. int/hpr/NPH/docs/ ottawa_charter_hp. pdf Peat, D. F. (1997). Blackfoot physics and European minds. Futures, 29(6), 563-573. Registered Nurses Association of Ontario (2010). Creating vibrant communities: RNAO’s challenge to Ontario’s

Technology Convergence is All around Us Essays

Technology Convergence is All around Us Essays Technology Convergence is All around Us Essay Technology Convergence is All around Us Essay It snatched up Paramount Communications for $9. 5 billion. That brought Paramount Pictures, Television and theme parks into the fold. Later that same year, Victim purchased Blockbuster Entertainment for $7. Billion. With more than 4,000 video stores across the country, Blockbuster holds nearly 25 percent of the market share. And in April 2000, the Federal Communications Commission approved Fiascos newest acquisition, CBS Corp.. The deal brought to Victim the network giants 38 television stations and 162 radio stations. Victim itself is owned by National Amusements, Inc. A family-held corporation that runs 1,390 movie theatres in the United States, the United Kingdom and Latin America. Questions to Ponder 1 . Video sales and rentals account for a huge share of the American movie-viewing publics consumption. Should other motion picture producers be concerned that Paramount Pictures is owned by the same company that owns Blockbuster video outlets? What would those concerns be? Should co nsumers be similarly concerned? 2. Scholars and media experts have long argued about the cultural influence of entertainment fare. At issue are our society cultural norms and whether media depictions of ethnic/racial groups, gender relationships, economic issues and social class status relationships are influenced. How influential to culture do you think Victim Inc. Has been, or has the potential to be? Is this influence beneficial or detrimental to societal culture? CASE STUDY 2: The Tribune Company The Tribune Company, in Chicago, was known a generation ago for its flagship, nationally renowned newspaper, The Chicago Tribune. In 1993 the company Joined with local cable company Chicago Land Television. The cable news outlet operated from a facility in the Tribunes newsroom. This was the first serious merger of what had been separate media, newspapers and television. The company also eventually created the first converged Washington bureau. Today, the company owns 26 major arrest television stations, including national superstition WAG-TV, radio station WAG in Chicago; interests in the Warner Brothers TV network, and daily and weekly newspapers in English and Spanish. The company also publishes educational materials and owns the Chicago Cubs baseball team. It has interests in nearly 20 online information providers, including the largest Internet access company in the world, America Online, which it bought into in 1991. Tribune is a Fortune 500 company, with 2002 revenues of $5. 4 billion. In March 2000, Tribune Company announced its merger with The Times Mirror Company, publisher of The Los Angels Times and other newspapers and magazines. Questions to Ponder 1 . Ordinarily, different news media have separate groups of reporters newspaper, radio and television. In such a circumstance, the different reporters may find different points to emphasize or dig out different sets of information. What are possible implications of having the same set of Journalists producing a news story for the different media? Will the story essentially remain the same, or will reporters still find different aspects of the story to emphasize, depending on the medium they write for? 2. Print Journalists say their form of Journalism offers depth and context that broadcasters cant afford because of time constraints. Broadcast Journalists say their brand of Journalism offers immediacy, sound and pictures that print cant match. But while each boasts different strengths, does competition still exist between print and broadcast media? Is one form better than another? Top of Form Bottom of Form Case study 3: The Walt Disney Company The Walt Disney Company, was formerly known as Walt Disney Productions. Within the last two decades, the epitome of family movie-making success has become a lit-media giant under the direction of CEO Michael Eisner (1942- ). Early on, the company, founded by brothers Walter and Roy Disney, showed a knack for marketing diversity in entertainment. After building the most successful animation and family film studio in the world, the family-owned company started its own theme park, Disneyland, in Anaheim, Cilia. Disneys theme parks now entertain families on both coasts and in Europe and Japan. Michael Eisner brought rapid expansion when he took over in 1984. Eisner had already established himself as an entertainment genius at American Broadcasting Co. ND Paramount Pictures. He revamped Disneys structure and added to its film repertoire by creating Touchstone Pictures, which produced movies with more mature themes. Disney was already big five film studios, two record companies, three printing companies, four magazines, the theme parks, and the Mighty Ducks National Hockey League franchise. Then, in July 1995, in one of the largest corporate acquisitions in history, Disney bought another media- merged giant, Capital Cities/BBC Inc. , for $19 billion. Capital Cities Communications had already bought BBC for $3. 5 billion in March, 1985. The acquisition added to Disneys empire the BBC Television Network (with 225 affiliated stations); ten broadcast television stations (reaching 25 percent of the U. S. Market); four cable TV networks (ESP., ASPEN, Lifetime Television, and A; Television); 21 radio stations; two more publishing companies; seven daily newspapers; and six international media companies in Luxembourg, Paris, London, Tokyo and Munich. Since then, the company has continued to grow. In 2002, the company had revenues of more than $25 billion. The news, information, and entertainment products of these companies often appear as separate entities to the audience in general: we go to a movie theater or attend a hockey game; we turn on the television or flip through a magazine. But the scope of Disneys empire can be seen in subtle, yet all- encompassing fashion on the Internet. Just go to the Web site of the Walt Disney Internet Group, www. Go. Com its all there. Questions to ponder: 1 . Many consumers may not realize that the same company that built a reputation on such family fare as Mackey Mouse and Snow White has also has interest in psychological thrillers like The Sixth Sense and raunchy comedy like Deuce Abigail: Male Gigolo. Many corporations have similar diverse products, such as Altair, which not only owns the Philip Morris tobacco company, but also owns Kraft Foods, Inc. And is part owner of the Miller Brewing Co. Should such diversity influence consumers opinions about a company? How could such influence affect a company like Disney? Evaluation: due on July 22, 2013 Make a summary of your Report; discuss what have you learned in completing the task, indicate the problems you have encountered and how you are able to solve them. (Insert your name and a word count at the bottom of your individual Evaluation) DUE DATES

Conjugating the German Verb Sehen, Meaning to See

Conjugating the German Verb Sehen, Meaning to See The German verb sehen means to see. It is one of the most-common words you may see in German text, ranking around 270 in one automated study. Sehen is an irregular or strong verb. This means it doesnt follow a strict rule for conjugation. In order to conjugate it correctly, you will need to study its different tenses and resort to memorizing them. Stem-Changing Verbs The verb sehen is both a stem-changing verb and an irregular (strong) verb. Notice the change from e to ie in the du and er/sie/es present tense forms. The past participle is gesehen. All of these irregularities can trip you up in reading and writing uses of sehen. Sehen - Present Tense -  Prsens Deutsch English Singular Present Tense ich sehe I see/am seeing du siehst you see/are seeing er siehtsie siehtes sieht he sees/is seeingshe sees/is seeingit sees/is seeing Plural Present Tense wir sehen we see/are seeing ihr seht you (guys) see/are seeing sie sehen they see/are seeing Sie sehen you see/are seeing Examples Using Present Tense for Sehen Wann sehen wir euch?When will we be seeing you (guys)? Er sieht uns.He sees us. Sehen - Simple Past Tense -   Imperfekt Deutsch English Singular Simple Past Tense ich sah I saw du sahst you saw er sahsie sahes sah he sawshe sawit saw Plural Simple Past Tense wir sahen we saw ihr saht you (guys) saw sie sahen they saw Sie sahen you saw Sehen -  Compound Past Tense (Present Perfect) -  Perfekt Deutsch English Singular Compound Past Tense ich habe gesehen I saw/have seen du hast gesehen you saw/have seen er hat gesehensie hat gesehenes hat gesehen he saw/has seenshe saw/has seenit saw/has seen Plural Compound Past Tense wir haben gesehen we saw/have seen ihr habt gesehen you (guys) sawhave seen sie haben gesehen they saw/have seen Sie haben gesehen you saw/have seen Sehen - Past Perfect Tense -   Plusquamperfekt Deutsch English Singular Past Perfect Tense ich hatte gesehen I had seen du hattest gesehen you had seen er hatte gesehensie hatte gesehenes hatte gesehen he had seenshe had seenit had seen Plural Past Perfect Tense wir hatten gesehen we had seen ihr hattet gesehen you (guys) had seen sie hatten gesehen they had seen Sie hatten gesehen you had seen Future Tenses for Sehen German often substitutes the present tense for the future. The example with  sehen  is Wir  sehen  uns morgen, translating as Well see you tomorrow. The basic future tense would conjugate werden (will) and add sehen. Examples; ich werde  sehen  - I will see, du wirst sehen  - you will see, wir  werden spielen  - we will play. The future perfect tense is somewhat rare in German. It uses a conjugated form of werden and then places haben or sein at the end of the sentence. For example, ich werde gesehen  haben  - I will have seen. Commands Using Sehen sehe!  see!sehen Sie!  see! Other Uses of Sehen Sie sieht nicht gut.  She doesnt see well.Wo hast du ihn gesehen?  Where did you see him?

Discussion for online Economics class Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 1

Discussion for online Economics class - Essay Example In this case, the value of currency in circulation surpassed the market value of American products. In addition, inflation may have occurred due to economic stimulus programs initiated by the government. The stimulus program compels people to spend, hence creating short-term inflation. The CIP index could also have increased due to external forces or forces in the international market. Increase in prices of capital goods such as oil and automobiles could have resulted from competition in the international market. China is overtaking the US as the largest global importer of crude oil and iron ore. Aggressive measures taken by china are causing an increase in prices of consumer goods around the world. These strategies make imports expensive for the US and other developed countries. As the country continues to pay more for its import’s, the price of the dollar has fallen sharply causing an increase in prices of consumer